President Kennedy and the Vietnam War Essay - 1806 Words

From the 1880s until World War II, France governed Vietnam as part of French Indochina, which also included Cambodia and Laos. The country was under the formal control of an emperor, Bao Dai. From 1946 until 1954, the Vietnamese struggled for their independence from France during the first Indochina War. At the end of this war, the country was temporarily divided into North and South Vietnam. North Vietnam came under the control of the Vietnamese Communists who had opposed France and aimed for a unified Vietnam under Communist rule. Vietnamese who had collaborated with the French controlled the South. For this reason the United States became involved in Vietnam because it believed that if all of the country fell under a Communist†¦show more content†¦Another problem JFK had inherited was Diem from Eisenhower. Kennedy’s cabinet members were made up of many different thinkers. Dean Rusk, the Secretary of State believed that there was a communist plot to take over the world and it must be stopped. Walt Rostow, the presidential advisor believes that we should use military force to cut off supplies to the Vietcong, have large scale bombings of North Vietnam and accelerate modernization in South Vietnam. General Maxwell Taylor criticized Eisenhower’s conventional training efforts. McGeorge Bundy, the NSC advisor wanted to attack the Vietcong and North Vietnam if necessary. George Ball believed that Diem regime was corrupt and to create democracy in Vietnam was impossible. Kennedy first role as president was to focus on issue involving the dangerous crisis over Berlin, on Cuba, and on the future of Laos. JFK first sends advisors to Vietnam to recommend a course of action during May 1961. Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice-President, visits South Vietnam and recommends strong commitment. In June 1961, the State Department report had three objectives: #61623; provide military protection to peasants #61623; convince Diem to implement social and economic reforms #61623; create a self-sustaining economy in South Vietnam That same year in December, the State Department claims in a public report that Vietnam is threatened by a â€Å"clear and presentShow MoreRelatedThe Failure Of Guerilla Warfare Methods During The Vietnam War1369 Words   |  6 PagesWarfare Methods in the Vietnam War: An Analysis of the Causality of the â€Å"Counter Insurgency† Governmental Policies and the Presidential Campaign of 1968 This colloquium will define the connection between various sources related to the â€Å"counter insurgency† policies of the American government throughout the 1960s that caused a slow escalation of the Vietnam War in the fight against communist expansion in Southeast Asia. The Campaign of 1968 defines the legacy of president Kennedy â€Å"counter insurgency†Read MoreVietnam War and American Culture1684 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Vietnam Wars Impact on American Culture Donna Whittle DeVry University Introduction to Humanities I. Introduction and Thesis Statement In the 1960’s America went through many cultural changes. Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights activist, delivered his famous, â€Å"I have a dream† speech. African Americans were fighting for peace, freedom and equality. The United States was involved in the Vietnam War, committed to anti-communism. African Americans were deployedRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis1149 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 35th president John F. Kennedy. During the 1960’s the Soviets were looking to have world power. So they decided to expand their power towards the America’s. while in Vietnam they always had trouble keeping independence and now communism is splitting the North and South and causing a civil war. Both the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War illustrate the United States attempt to combat communism. The Cuban Missile Crisis in the prevention of a nuclear war. Whereas the Vietnam War ultimatelyRead MoreKennedy s Policy Goals During The Cold War968 Words   |  4 PagesKennedy learned various lessons from Cuba and Berlin such as: looking for diplomatic solutions, being skeptical of his advisors, and to not act without plausible deniability. Kennedy would carry over those lessons for the rest of his term as President. Had Kennedy remained President from 1964-1968, the lessons acquired from Cuba and Berlin would have prevented an escalation in Vietnam. Kennedy viewed getting involved in Vietnam as a disruption to his foreign policy goals. One of Kennedy’s primaryRead MoreAn American War976 Words   |  4 Pages American involvement in Vietnam was largely in response to Cold War polices and Strategies. Kennedy took a much more laid back approach to Vietnam than Eisenhower did. He only wanted to support the South and not give them direct military aid by getting involved. Kennedy believed that the nations themselves should bear the burden of fighting the war and America would merely give them supplies and political support. However, the administration’s attempt to help the South largely failed because neitherRead MoreTurning point of the Cold War and JKF Assassination996 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Turning point of the Cold War and JKF Assassination The assassination of President Kennedy was the turning point in history as many felt he and his family was American royalty, he had the ability to reach Americans through his speeches, as it helped Americans through some stressful times in cold war history, he was a catalyst in allowing Americans to be part of history from the first walk on the moon and the equality of all human rights in the United States. One of his mostRead MoreU.s. Military And Political Relations With Vietnam1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrelations with Vietnam today help think about why the U.S supported South Vietnam and participated in the Vietnam War and how the relationship turned into the way it is today. The Vietnam War started on November 1, 1955 and lasted until April 30, 1975. This war involved many significant leaders such as Richard Nixon, Lyndon B Johnson, John F Kennedy, Ho Chi Minh and many others. North Vietnam leaders had a great impact on the war by organizing many guerrillas and offensives while the South Vietnam leadersRead MoreLyndon B Johnson and the Kennedy Doctrine1029 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th president of the United States, took the executive office during a crucial time period in U.S. History. The former vice-president was taking over for President Kennedy, who had recently been assassinated. Kennedys foreign policy largely revolved around the Kennedy Doctrine, which was a continuation of the doctrine of preceding presidents Dwight Eisenhower and Harry Truman, both of who were committed to the containment of communism while propagating the capitalist economicRead MoreEssay on Leadership Styles795 Words   |  4 Pagesstyles of the United States Presidents can make them effective or it can limit their effectiveness. The effectiveness of the President has direct effect on the American people. Presidents Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy were two leaders that had major influences in the mid-20th century. Both men played a key role in th e United States involvement in Vietnam. The experiences, styles of leading, and characteristics of both President’s Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy intensified the level ofRead MoreKennedy s Accomplishments And Accomplishments886 Words   |  4 Pages Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. He was the second son of nine children born to the multimillionaire Joseph P. Kennedy, and his wife, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. In school, one of his teachers said that people liked him more for his personality rather than his accomplishments. As a child he was often ill and spent most of his time reading. John attended college at Princeton for a short time and then enrolled at Harvard University where he majored in government and international

Hawaii Is The Country Of Hawaii - 1098 Words

Wouldn’t it be great to live in Honolulu, Hawaii, next to the wondrous ocean. Hawaii is located in the North Pacific Ocean; it is located 21.31 latitude and -157.86 longitude. (â€Å"Where Is Honolulu, HI?†). It is 18 meters above sea level. Even though Hawaii is in the middle of the ocean the United States is still in the country. The state capital takes up the most part of land in Hawaii, it takes up 1,177.8 square miles. The water takes up 1,088.9 square miles, and the land takes up the least amount of space; it only takes up 88.9 square miles. Honolulu, Hawaii is the capital of Hawaii and it is referred to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island. Honolulu extends about 10 miles along the southeast coast of the island of Oahu,†¦show more content†¦The every year mean of precipitation is 22 inches. Downtown Honolulu is the financial, commercial, and governmental center of Hawaii. The Aloha Tower was the tallest building in Hawaii for many years and it is located on the waterfront. In 2008, the tallest building was 438 feet tall, it was the First Hawaiian Center. It is located at King and Bishop Streets. Waikiki is the world s most famous tourist district in Honolulu, located between the Ala Wai Canal and the Pacific Ocean next to Diamond Head. There are numerous amounts of hotels, shops, and nightlife opportunities are located along Kalakaua and Kuhio Avenues. The world’s largest open-air shopping center is just west of Waikiki Beach which attracts millions of visitors each year. (â€Å"Hawaii Guide -- National Geographic†). Did you know that Honolulu is the most diversified cities in America. About 24 percent of people are Caucasian; 17 percent is mixed ancestry; 21 percent is Japanese. Other than part Hawaiian; 16 percent is part Hawaiian; six percent is Chinese, seven percent is Filipino, and about one percent are pure Hawaiian. According to the 1990 U.S. Census, in the county and city Honolulu, 195,149 w ere of Japanese ancestry; 264,372 people were white; 63, 265 were Chinese; 120,029 were Filipino; 3,532 were Native American; 91,967 were Hawaiian; 25,875 were black; and 72,042 were of other heritage. Did you know the state’s name is often spelled Hawai’i.

Sino-Soviet Relations, 1958-1962 Free Essay Example, 1500 words

This paper provides a historical analysis of the Sino-Soviet relations, tracing their pre-1958 relations. Ultimately, it is well known that Stalin s vision for the USSR was to fortify its leadership in the Communist world, while Mao s ambitions for China were essentially the same. Although the two Communist powers would eventually come together in solidarity, these conflicting ambitions and ideologies would nevertheless compromise that these countries would pursue this solidarity. The origins of the Sino-Soviet Alliance are explored. In exploring the pre-1958 alliance between China and the Soviet Union, chapter one will highlight the key areas of discord relative to ideological and political differences between the two countries. Some attention is focused on the first Taiwan Crisis of 1954 and the consequences for Sino-Soviet relations. The second chapter focuses on the 1958 crisis and will, therefore, provide background information on the crisis. This information is necessary fo r developing the argument that the ideological differences between China and the Soviet Union were tested by exemplifying security differences. What these security differences meant for China and the Soviet s political ideologies are explored and analyzed. Ultimately, it will be argued that these differences gave way to distrust and suspicions in an already tenuous relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Sino-Soviet Relations, 1958-1962 or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Alienated Society in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel...

Throughout history people have been shaped by the society in which they live. Those who accept the imposed rules and regulations tend to embody and reflect many of the characteristics of the society that guides them. However, those who do not conform and refuse the norms of society are often isolated from the contrasting group. Authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne have explored this concept through literature. In his novel, The Scarlet Letter, the protagonist Hester Prynne is presented as a figure alienated from society as a direct result of an adulterous affair revealing the harsh, unsavory truth of Puritan culture and providing a means of criticism for Hawthorne. The novel takes place in seventeenth century Boston, a town dominated by†¦show more content†¦While Hester’s sin is the initial cause of her alienation, Puritanical beliefs perpetuate the void between Hester and community. The puritans believed man was incapable of any goodness without God. Sinners were rejected by both church and state, as Puritan colonies were founded on strict moral principles hoping to serve as a perfectly holy template for surrounding areas. David Sorrels comments that â€Å"Puritans were preoccupied with punishment and death†. A jarring practice of the Puritan community was to make a public spectacle of sin as deterrent for others who may be tempted commit similar evils. Publicized sin led to everlasting shame; one was never able to regain full redemption (Sorrels). Hester’s sin separates her from society permanently. â€Å"In all her intercourse with society, however, there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged to it † (84). Even years after her offense, she is still unable to forge a connection with other townspeople. Every encounter with them refreshes her isolation. The letter is a constant reminder of her sin; some people are never able to see past the mark meant to shame her. Gossip from women in the town increase her separation from the town making it difficult for her to form relationships. Hester Prynne is publicly shamed and humiliated upon a scaffold. Hester’s position on the elevated platform physically separates her from others just as her sin separates her socially, â€Å"taking herShow MoreRelatedIsolation In The Scarlet Letter1220 Words   |  5 PagesBarich ELA 12 Sec. 01 17 October 2017 Isolation in The Scarlet Letter There has been a constant dispute over whether people should be governed by determinism or free will. Determinism is the idea that our actions and fate are predetermined and every occurrence can be explained or has a reason for happening; free will, in contrast, is the idea that we have the ability to act independently of external restraints. In the 17th century, Puritan society arose in New England as one that was governed by itsRead MorePearl In The Scarlet Letter1233 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most significant writers of the romantic period in American literature was Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne wrote stories that opposed the ideas of Transcendentalism. Since he had ancestors of Puritan belief, Hawthorne wrote many stories about Puritan New England. His most famous story is the Scarlet Letter. This novel tells of the punishment of a woman, Hester Prynne, who committed adultery and gave birth to Pearl. A minister of Boston, Arthur Dimmesdale, had an affair with Hester whileRead More Puritanism in The Scarlet Letter, Bartleby, and Daisy Miller1375 Words   |  6 Pages     Ã‚   In todays society, it is infrequent that you turn on the television and are not bombarded with images of sex, violence, or other content that the Puritans would have viewed as being the work of Old Deluder (the name given to Satan in the time period). Yes, it is true; the society in which we dwell in today is no more remarkable than that of barbaric times. The only difference might be that we no longer kill out of primal instinct; we do it out of fear, or malice, or patriotism, or evenRead MoreEssay Theme of Alienation in Literature929 Words   |  4 PagesAlienation in Literature A common theme among the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne is alienation. Alienation is defined as emotional isolation or dissociation from others. In Hawthornes novels and short stories, characters are consistently alienated and experience isolation from society. These characters are separated from their loved ones both physically and psychologically. The harsh judgmental conditions of Puritan society are the cause of isolation for these characters and eventuallyRead Morequot;The Otherquot; as an Element Found in The Scarlet Letter2497 Words   |  10 PagesThe Scarlet Letter. This element encompasses alienation, exclusion, and isolation, which can be found in the primary characters of Hester, Pearl, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth. These people are ostracized because they have deviate[d] from others expectations (Williams 3). In Kestersons Critical Essays on Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, he gives a good summarizing description of how the characters in The Scarlet Letter, Hester, Pearl, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth, are outcasts from society inRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is about a woman named Hester Prynne who is married to an older man, but not for love. Mrs. Pryne has an affair with another man named Arthur Dimmsdale and is completely ostracized by the community. It is revealed that because of this affair she gave birth to a daughter, Pearl. The main conflict Is external with Hester, but internal with her lover, Arthur. It is later revealed, Hester had taken full blame for the affair, but that is eatingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1389 Words   |  6 PagesJimmy Hawthorne Mrs. Almack AP English 4 10/1/14 Marxism is a secular method for analysis focusing on class relations and societal conflict, which can be used to analyze The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Prussia on May 5, 1818 to Heinrich and Henrietta Marx. He explored sociopolitical theories and became a journalist creating socialist writings causing him to be banished from Germany and France. Marx is the creator of the Communist Manifesto which was publishedRead MoreEssay about Sin, Alienation, and Love in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter944 Words   |  4 Pages The Scarlet Letter: The Themes of Sin, Alienation, and Love nbsp; The Puritans, a religious group in New England in the early 1600’s, interpreted the Bible form a fundamentalist perspective and strove to attain a sinless society.nbsp; Of course, people are human and sins are inevitable so the Puritans sinned and their perfect society was never achieved.nbsp;nbsp; Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter develops the themes of sin, alienation, and love to provide valuable insights intoRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne.’ Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pageson the verge of society; someone who is alienated, misunderstood or misjudged by a person or group of people. To be an outsider would be to hold views of a controversial nature, usually the opposite of what is socially acceptable. Hester Prynne is such an example. It is through the use of her as an outsider; her actions, opinions, morals and portrayal which show how The Outsider Novel is or isn’t just another name for the novel of social protest. Upon reading The Scarlet Letter, it would be safeRead More Hesters Psychological Alienation in The Scarlet Letter Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesHesters Psychological Alienation in The Scarlet Letter       Throughout his book The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne is preoccupied with the relationship between the individual and society. Hesters sin and subsequent condemnation alienate her. No where is this alienation more apparent than in Chapter 5, Hester at her Needle. Condemned by her sin of passion, Hester is   separated from her community, not only physically, as she lives on the edge of the town, but also

The textbook was a very interesting and colorfully descriptive history text Free Essays

I read approximately 350-400 pages in the text A History of Western Society, 8th Ed.   Ã‚  I didn’t read in a continuous style instead flipping through the book stopping at something interesting reading then reading several pages of that chapter, moving on to others gaining knowledge of several chapters of the book rather than focusing on one. It is a historical text on western civilization from Mesopotamia to the present, with focus on social history with chapters on Greece, Rome, religious wars, political revolutions, evolutions in energy and industry, expansion, urbanism, nationalism, dictatorship and the Second World War, even the Cold War. We will write a custom essay sample on The textbook was a very interesting and colorfully descriptive history text or any similar topic only for you Order Now    I thought of it as a sociological perspective on history. The textbook was a very interesting and colorfully descriptive history text.   I liked that the theme of politics and culture were balanced giving the reader a chance to see it from a broader perspective.   It balanced the socio-economical structures during different periods in time that was very intriguing. The way the book was presented the reader with tools to help with self-educating and useful study guides for students to truly understand what it must have been like in the past, socially.   I felt the questions were really helpful in stimulating my own critical thinking.   Features all through the text gave interesting accounts of everything from groups to major historical events that put the reader right into history. I felt that the pictures were chosen well to present the material written.   I like that everything from resent news, art and European countries were given a fair introduction to western history.   I felt the authors were able to give a broader perspective to foreign countries that were much unbiased.   Islamic regions were also introduced to the reader in very stimulating terms. And I am glad to see that the expansion of history to include women and gender issues that has occurred in western society.   The section on witch hunts and the Athenian women balanced the book nicely. I really enjoyed flipping through and reading the text and felt that it would be a very good tool to use for undergraduate study as an introductory class.   It gives the student a really good start on terms and concepts of sociology and history.   I felt that this would also be a good book for the use in Art History. The color photos clearly show the artistic beauty of many cultures and society.   The three authors John P. McKay, Bennett D. Hill, and Buckler are well respected and each is very proficient in history; which gave the book a solid scholarly mark for it to be a must reading. The book should be on any good historian’s book shelf.   The use of Blackboard I really liked because of the apparent growing use of that learning tool.   This text was full of teaching tools to use with that program that will help the first year student to become acquainted with something they will increasing begin to use on their trek towards their college degrees. Reference: McKay, J.P., Hill, B.D., Buckler, J. (2006) A History of Western Society, 8th. Ed.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Boston: Houghton Mifflin.    How to cite The textbook was a very interesting and colorfully descriptive history text, Essays

Project Deliver Systems

Question: Discuss about the Project Deliver Systems. Answer: Introduction: There are several huge construction projects initiated in last few years. With the consistent development in economy and improved life style of the Australian citizen increased the demand of more improved infrastructure and as the construction project are important for the infrastructure development thus, the demand of construction project is also increased. In order to deliver a successful project, the project management methodologies help in accomplishing the objectives of the construction project (Sacks, 2013). There are several project delivery models, which are selected as per the need of the project and this help in delivering the project within the predefined time frame for the construction project. One of the vital ongoing projects of the country is Yagan Square. The construction of the project has been started in the center of Perths CBD in February 2016. The project will be one of the most popular communities, assembling as well as celebration set up of the city. Contract Types in Infrastructure Projects In the part of the contract types related to the infrastructural project, the construction of the contract plays a vital role in the provision of protection for the price escalation with the appropriate construction of the protection of the contract. In this case, the latest infrastructural case study of Yagan Square construction in Australia represents the infrastructural project that determines the contract types with the consideration of the contract with the representation of the drawings with the consideration of the protection of the inflation. Price, Cost and Time The framing of the price cost and the time are the three most crucial factors that helps in analysis of the construction with the creation of framing in the case of the infrastructural projects considered. The cost and the price with the time factors are seemed to be fixed in the case of the construction of the limited responsibility and thereby it also helps in the creation of the responsibility for the contractor to maintain the specific time with the consideration of the contract rules (Anon, 2016). It also helps in the consideration of the contract with the creation of the significant rules and henceforth with the violation of the contract, the significant risks of the failure of the contract with the price takes place. The contract risks also helps in the agreement of the milestone with the consideration of the specifications and thereby the responsibility also helps in the creation of the undertaken contract solely by the contractor. Fixed Price Contracts The fixed price contracts are defined as the contracts that are performed under the consideration of the lump-sum fees for the appropriate fulfilment of the type of the fixed price contract for carrying out the infrastructural project. It also helps in the enhancement of the agreement of the contract with the consideration of the estimated cost that is seemed to be requisite for the areas of the construction management and the types of the services provided (Anon, 2016). The construction of these types of the contract helps in the consideration of the project and thereby the mitigation of the risks factors related to time and the costs is seemed to be reduced with undertaking the various design-build contracts. The appropriate testing of the materials are also requisite in order to mitigate the risk factors regarding the price and thereby the overall project management is generally considered with the consideration of the price infrastructural project of Yagan Square construction in Australia. Cost-reimbursable Contracts The cost reimbursable contract helps in the compensation of the contract made by the contractor for the project which incurs some amount. All the overhead charges with including the equipments and the materials for the construction helps in the inclusion of the management of the materials that are seemed to be requisite and thereby the construction in this part of the contract includes three different types of the contracts that are cost-plus percentage, cost-plus fixed fee and the cost-plus fixed fee plus the incentives (Bolinger and Wiser, 2006). It also helps in typical tracking of the project and thereby it also helps in the consideration of the scope and the specifications of the projects with the expectation of the high costs and the scheduled risks. The operation of the company is seemed to be assumed by the entitlement of the risks incurred with influence created by the outcomes of the project of Yagan Square construction in Australia (Zhang, Zhang and Zhang, 2013). Thereby t he additional performance of the control of the project helps in the consideration of the interfaces with the management of the operators and the reduction of the incentives helps in the decrement of the overall costs of the project. Time and Material Contracts This contract model is used during the model created by the service providers and thereby the consideration of the requirements of the project scope and the degree of the coverage. With the consideration of these two factors the consideration of the time, the response for the construction of the requirements are provided carefully with the consideration of the project scope and the clearance of the product (Studyperth.com.au, 2016). The mechanisms with the appropriate communications are also achieved appropriately during the consideration of the long term projects. Henceforth the rate of the relevant skill sets are equally considered with the changing of the project demands and thereby the entire project duration including the scale of the materials are adjusted for the appropriate implementation of the project management methodologies. Delivery Models He project delivery is a widespread procedures comprising planning of project, making design of project and constructing the project. There are several project delivery models which help in accomplishing the goal and objectives of the undertaken project, thus, it is essential to select appropriate method or model of project delivery so that the undertaken project can be successfully accomplish its deliverable objectives (Teng, Wu, Zhou, Zhao, Cao, 2012). Deciding on the appropriate project delivery method is one of the vital tasks and most vital decision by the project manager of a construction project. Selection of the most appropriate process for any construction project initiates with a better understanding of the choices available for the project delivery. The project manager should have superior grasp of the each delivery process and should be capable to mitigate the impact of the delivery model. The reason is that the delivery model establishes while the parties or the stakeho lders of the project become involved, it influence the selection of the contractual association. Besides this, it influences the ownership as well as impact of the alteration and modification of the undertaken project cost (Oliver, 2012). The entire delivery system of a construction project includes three parties, which are subsequently the owner of the project, the designer of the project and the contractor of the project. It is vital to select a delivery model that best accomplish the unique requirement of every single owner along with their project. References Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.dbia.org/resource-center/Documents/project_delivery_systems_smartreport140806.pdf [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.fefpa.org/pdf/summer2007/Pros-Cons-handout.pdf [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Bolinger, M. and Wiser, R. (2006).Comparison of AEO 2007 Natural Gas Price Forecast to NYMEX FuturesPrices. Berkeley, Calif.: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Studyperth.com.au. (2016).Major projects in Perth | Study in Perth, Australia. [online] Available at: https://studyperth.com.au/your-future-perth/major-projects-perth [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016]. Zhang, R., Zhang, Z. and Zhang, J. (2013).LISS 2012. Berlin: Springer. Oliver, J. (2012). Knowledge requirements for capability development in complex project delivery.Construction Management And Economics,30(8), 702-703. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2012.690071 Sacks, R. (2013). Modern Construction: Lean Project Delivery and Integrated Practices.Construction Management And Economics,31(4), 394-396. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2013.763999 Teng, J., Wu, X., Zhou, G., Zhao, W., Cao, J. (2012). Study on Integrated Project Delivery Construction Project Collaborative Application Based on Building Information Model.AMR,621, 370-374. https://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.370

Complex and Competitive Strategy Business Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Complex and Competitive Strategy for Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction The current business environment is highly complex and competitive. In current, all the business organizations use a lot of tools and techniques to accomplish competitive advantages over the competitors. In current, AAA (Adaptation, Aggregation, and Arbitrage) framework has become the first choice of the business associations. The AAA framework plays a significant role to improve the organizational performance, reduce costs, and to offer competitive advantages to the business firms. Along with this, this research paper would be beneficial to understand the importance of AAA framework for the growth and success of the business organizations. Moreover, for this research paper, I would like to pick Food / Beverage Industry and Manufacturing of heavy equipment industry (Car industry) to demonstrate the significance of AAA framework in an effective and a significant manner. In addition, I would like to choose Coca-Cola Amatil and McDonalds Australia under the Food / Beverage Industry. Fur thermore, I would like to pick Toyota Australia and Hyundai Australia under the Manufacturing of heavy equipment industry. Overall, this research paper would be valuable to provide an overview about how these industries are using AAA framework in their relative companies to accomplish the competitive advantages in an effective manner. AAA (Adaptation, Aggregation, and Arbitrage) Framework The AAA framework involves three strategies: adaptation, aggregation, and arbitrage that play a major role to create value for the business firms. For case, adaptation strategy is beneficial to increase revenues and market share of the organizations. Moreover, with the help of adaption strategy, business firms modify the components of business models to fulfill the requirements and preferences of customers (Hubbard, Rice and Galvin, 2014). Along with this, aggregation strategy plays a major role to provide economies of scale to the business firms. For case, with the help of aggregation strategy, business firms develop global efficiencies to achieve economies of scale in an effective way. In addition to this, arbitrage strategy plays an important role to explore cultural, economic, and geographical differences between national or regional markets. Moreover, with the help of arbitrage strategy, business firms locate supply chain in different places to reduce these differences in an eff ective and a more comprehensive manner (Heinecke, 2011). In addition to this, it should also be noted down that, the selected industries Food / Beverage and Manufacturing of heavy equipment industries have used AAA framework for the pursuit of their businesses in an effective way. The below given below table is useful to understand that how the different industries have used AAA framework or adaptation, aggregation, and arbitrage strategies in their relative business organizations: Strategy Food/ Beverage Industry Manufacturing of Heavy Equipment Industry Coca-Cola McDonalds Toyota Hyundai Adaptation Variation Innovation Design Innovation Aggregation Geographic Cultural Geographic Geographic Arbitrage Cost Reduction Performance Improvement Performance Improvement Cost Reduction Adaptation Theory: Adaption is the first and major theory of AAA framework. The adaption theory is essential to create value for the business firms at the global level. Moreover, variation, innovation, externalization, focus, and design are the major approaches of adaption theory (Mauri and de Figueiredo, 2012). Along with this, it should also be noted down that, the selected business industries have used adoption theory in their relative business firms to accomplish competitive advantages in an effective and an appropriate manner. Food / Beverage Industry: Food / Beverage Industry mainly adopt and implements variation and innovation approach of adaption strategy in order to fulfill the requirements or preferences of local customers in an effective way. For case, the food beverage company Coca-Cola implements variation approach to fulfill the needs and desires of local customers in a proper way (CCA. 2016). Moreover, under this approach, Coca-Cola is offering different products such as: DietCoke, Fanta, Vox, Sprite, Sprite Zero, Bisleri, Vodka O, Nestea, Coca-Cola Vanilla, Coca-Cola Zero, Lift, Kirks, etc. to meet the requirements and to accomplish competitive advantages over the competitors. Along with this, it should also be noted down that, with the help of this variation approach, Coca-Cola is still exists in the marketplace and also popular among the customers. The different variants of Coca-Colas products are helpful to create value and image of the firm in the minds of its customers (Morschett, Schramm- Klein and Zentes, 2015). In this way, Coca-Cola has used adaption strategy for the pursuit of its business in todays competitive marketplace. Along with this, McDonalds focuses on innovation approach of adaption strategy to achieve organizational goals objective and competitive advantages in an effective way. The competitors of McDonalds are offering different products/services to their customers in different ways (McDonald's Australia. 2016). In that case, McDonalds also implements innovation approach to fulfill the requirements and preferences of customers. McDonalds focuses on innovative products/services to suit the requirements of its customers. McDonalds is offering Sandwiches, Salads, French fries, etc. to satisfy the needs of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian customers in an equal way. Along with this, McDonalds focuses on innovative promotional strategies and innovative product designs to promote its products and attract retain customers in an appropriate way (Jha, Dhanaraj and Krishnan, 2015). Moreover, with the help of the innovation approach, McDonalds become able to improve its revenues, market share and ma rket position in the global market. Manufacturing of Heavy Equipment Industry: Manufacturing of heavy equipment industry like car industry mainly use design approach of adaption strategy for the pursuit of its business. The design approach plays a significant role to reduce the costs and introduce design flexibilities standards in an effective way (Buckley and Ghauri, 2015). For case, the car manufacturing firm Toyota motors focuses on design approach to produce cars as per the needs and requirements of the customers. The company used design approach to produce its cars such as: Yaris, Camry, Corolla, 86, and Aurion. Moreover, Toyota used different designs in its products SUV 4WD cars like: RAV4, Fortune, LndCruiser200, FJCruiser, Prado, and Kluger. The main focus of Toyota is on the different designs of the products (Toyota. 2016). Along with this, Toyota produces Cars, Hybrids, SUV 4WD, and Utes Vans in order to fulfill the requirements of all types of customers in an effective and an appropriate manner. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, Hyundai adopts and implements innovation approach of adoption strategy to best suit the requirements or preferences of customers. Hyundai uses innovative techniques to produces its cars (Hyundai. 2016). It also emphasizes on the modern interior and exterior of the cars. For case, Genesis, Veloster, Tucson, i30, i40, iMax, and so on are the innovative car models of Hyundai. Moreover, the firm also produces cars to fulfill the needs and requirements of all types of customers in an effective and an appropriate way. Along with this, it should also be noted down that, due to innovative designs, Hyundai has become the top cae of the year 2015 (Gooderham, Gooderham and Grgaard, 2013). Aggregation Theory: Aggregation theory plays a significant role to offer economies of scale to the business firms. The aggregation theory of AAA framework develops standardization and value proposition to the business organizations (JovanoviĆ¡, TodoroviĆ¡ and Komazec, n.a.). Moreover, the Food / Beverage Industry and Manufacturing of heavy equipment industry also focus on aggregation theory for the pursuit of their businesses. Food / Beverage Industry: The food beverage company coca-cola focuses on geographic approach of aggregation strategy. Coca-cola uses this approach to establish plants and stores in different geographical areas to cover all the customers in an effective way (Ramsey, Alvim, Forteza and Micheloni, 2010). Moreover, with the help of this approach, Coca-Cola became able to create regional or global efficiencies and to achieve economies of scale/scope in an effective and a proper manner. On the other hand, McDonalds pays its attention on the cultural approach to satisfy the needs and desires of the people those belong to different culture. For case, with the help of cultural approach, the firm understands the tastes favorites of customers and also modifies products/services to fulfill the customers requirements or preferences effectively (Outterson, 2013). Moreover, the cultural approach also plays a major role to reduce the costs, increase the revenues, and to create value to the firm. Manufacturing of Heavy Equipment Industry: The car industry mainly focuses in the geographic approach of aggregation strategy to accomplish the business goals and objectives in an effective and a significant manner. For case, Toyota moors emphasis on geographic approach to locate its stores as well as plants in different geographical locations. Moreover, this approach is beneficial to Toyota to build strategic partnerships with partners or suppliers to meet the requirements of the customers in an effective way. Also, with the help of this approach, Toyota also becomes able to reduce geographical differences between nations (Tihanyi, Pedersen, Devinney and Banalieva, 2015). In the same manner, Hyundai also focuses on geographic aggregation approach to set up its new outlets in different geographical locations or areas. Moreover, with the help of this approach, Hyundai become able to cover its target areas and customers in an effective way. Hyundai also become able to develop supply ch ains in different geographical areas to attract new customers and to retain existing customers (Lee, Jeon, Kim, and Kim, 2010). In this way, it can be said that, Food / Beverage Industry and Manufacturing of heavy equipment industry have used AAA framework for the pursuit of their businesses. Arbitrage Theory: The arbitrage theory of AAA framework shows the cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic differences between regional/national markets. Moreover, cost reduction, performance improvement, risk minimization, and so on is the major approaches of arbitrage theory. This theory plays a major role to set up separate parts of the supply chain in different places to create global advantages for business firms (Hubbard, Rice and Galvin, 2014). Along with this, it should also be noted down that Food / Beverage and Manufacturing of heavy equipment industries also use arbitrage theory to improve the overall efficiency of business firms. Food / Beverage Industry: Food/Beverage Company Coca-Cola uses cost reduction approach to reduce different operational costs associated to the business. Coca-Cola wants to expand its business in different geographical areas that increase the costs of the firm. In this situation, with the help of cost reduction approach, Coca-Cola become able to establish supply chain in different locations in order to reduce the costs and enhance the revenues in an effective and a more comprehensive manner (Heinecke, 2011). Moreover, the cost reduction approach is also useful to decrease added costs and improve goodwill of the firm at the global level. Along with this, McDonalds focuses on performance improvement approach to spread out its business in different geographical areas. Moreover, it should also be noted down that, with the help of performance improvement approach, McDonalds become proficient to improve its organizational performance in an effective way. Manufacturing of Heavy Equipment Industry: The car industry mainly focuses on performance improvement and cost reduction approaches to cover all the customers. For case, Toyota motors adopt and implement performance improvement approach to improve organizational effectiveness and performance effectively. Moreover, with the help of this approach, Toyota established different parts of supply chains in different geographic areas to target more and more customers. Moreover, the approach also plays a major role to improve the performance of firm in local and global market (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes, 2015). Along with this, Hyundai uses cost reduction strategy to cover the middle class customers in a proper way. Hyundai focuses on cost reduction strategy to utilize the available resources in order to manufacture products at lower costs. Moreover, with the help of cost reduction approach, Hyundai become successful to distinguish itself from its competitors. For this reason it can be said that, business organizations have used AAA framework for the pursuit of their businesses. Conclusion On the basis of the above conversation, it can be assumed that, AAA framework is precious for business firms in order to accomplish strategic and competitive goals objctives of the business. Along with this, it is also observed that, in current, most of the business firms take help of the AAA (adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage) framework in order to create unique image and reputation at the global level. References Buckley, P.J. and Ghauri, P.N. (2015). International Business Strategy: Theory and Practice. NY: Routledge. CCA. (2016). About Us. Available At: https://www.ccamatil.com/ [Accessed On: 14th Sep. 2016] Gooderham, P.N., Gooderham, P.N. and Grgaard, B. (2013). International Management: Theory and Practice. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Heinecke, P. (2011). 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